Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infected pregnant women and exposed infants in Guangdong province, 2014-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women and exposed infant in Guangdong province and identify the factors associated with infant HIV infection through mother-to-child transmission.@*Methods@#National Information System for Prevention of mother-to-child HIV Transmission and Early Infant Diagnosis Information Management Platform were used to collect the individual information about HIV-infected pregnant women and exposed infants who were delivered in Guangdong from January 1, 2014 to December 31 in 2017. The differences in pregnant women’s demographic data, history of pregnancy and childbirth, the utilization of mother-to-child transmission prevention services and early infant diagnosis between the infected HIV exposed infants and uninfected HIV exposed infants were compared, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with mother-to-child HIV transmission.@*Results@#Among 349 HIV infected pregnant women, the proportions of the pregnant women whose HIV infection status were confirmed before pregnancy, during pregnancy and at or after childbirth were 30.4% (106/349), 49.6% (173/349) and 20.0% (70/349) respectively. The proportions of those with sexual partners whose HIV infection status were unknown and those receiving no antiviral treatment were 39.5% (138/349) and 13.2% (46/349) respectively. Among the HIV exposed infants, the mother-to-child transmission rate was 4.2%(15/353), the HIV exposed infants had the first or second early diagnosis tests within 44 (P25-P75: 42-50) days and 96 (P25-P75: 92-106) days after birth, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk for mother-to-child HIV transmission increased in those whose HIV infection status were confirmed at or after childbirth compared with before pregnancy (OR=5.72, 95%CI: 1.52-21.61) and in the group that antiviral treatment was given to either mothers or infants compared with the group that antiviral treatment was given to both mothers and infants (OR=33.56, 95%CI: 9.04-124.55), while there was lower mother-to-child HIV transmission risk in artificial feeding group compared with breast feeding group (OR=0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.76).@*Conclusion@#The risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Guangdong can be effectively reduced by the measures of early diagnosis, antiviral treatment and artificial feeding as well as the improvement of mother-to-child transmission prevention service.

Establishment of a screening method for AZF microdeletions by capillary technology and a clinical trial / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an accurate, fast and simple screening method for AZF microdeletions using capillary technology and use it for clinical testing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>For each pair of primers, the 5' end of either forward or reverse primer was labeled with a FAM, JOE or TAMRA fluorescence dyes to establish multiplex quantitative fluorescence PCR systems for the establishment of a screening method of Y chromosome AZF microdeletions by capillary technology. The detection of Y chromosome AZF microdeletion was carried out on 725 cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, oligospermia or asthenospermia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A screening method for Y chromosome AZF microdeletions using capillary technology was established. Thirty eight cases of AZF microdeletions were found among 725 cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, oligospermia or asthenospermia, which gave a deletion rate of 5.24%. Y chromosomal microdeletions were found in 8.62% of the azoospermia group, 6.75% of the oligozoospermic group, and 2.23% of the asthenospermia group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>An accurate, fast and simple screening method of Y chromosome AZF microdeletions by capillary technology has been established, which may have an important clinical value.</p>

Analysis the correlation factors of neonatal lenticulostriate vasculopathy / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation factors of neonatal lenticulostriate vasculopathy. Method Four hundred and forty-seven newborns from Guangdong Women and Children Hospital were enrolled in this study. Clinical data of the newborns were obtained . Brain ultrasound studies of lenticulostriate artery were performed on the newborns. The logistic regression was performed for screening the correlation factors of neonatal lenticulostriate vasculopathy (P < 0.05). Results Results of the univariate logistic regression reveal the correlation factors tcontributing to LSV include congenital cytomegalovirus infection、neonatal asphyxia、congenital heart disease (CHD),hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (P < 0.05, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on these factors. The congenital cytomegalovirus infection, neonatal asphyxia, CHD,hypertensive disorder in pregnancy were significantly associated with LSV (P < 0.05). Conclusion The congenital cytomegalovirus infection,neonatal asphyxia,CHD,hypertensive disorder in pregnancy are the correlation factors of neonatal lenticulostriate vasculopathy. LSV could be a predictive marker for the future development of neuropsychiatric disorders. The brain ultrasound studies of lenticulostriate artery is suggested to be performed on all infants with the correlation factors.

Progress in Phospholipase A2 and Its Relevant Chinese Materia Medica / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the speed limit enzyme that liberates the sn-2 fatty acyl chains from phospho-lipids to yield nonesterified fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Its metabolites have a wide range of biological activity in a series of physiological and pathological process such as gene expression, energy metabolism, plasmalemma re-configuration, signal transduction, inflammation, trauma, and etc. This review introduced members of the PLA2 super-family and their functions. And the effect on the activity and/or mass of PLA2 family was summarized with a purpose to promote related research, of which more than 100 items included prescriptions, herbs and their active ingredients in 150 articles were collected from the database.

Cinnamaldehyde decreases interleukin-1beta induced PGE2 production by down-regulation of mPGES-1 and COX-2 expression in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells / 中国中药杂志

Cinnamaldehyde was shown to have significant anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic actions in studies from both others' and our lab. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a key role in generation of these pathological states, while PGE, synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is one of crucial biological elements in the process of PGE2 production. And as a downstream inducible terminal prostaglandin synthase of COX-2, mPGES-1 is now regarded as a more promising novel drug target than COX-2 and is attracting more and more attention from both academia and pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of present study was to further investigate the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic molecular mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde based on the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264. 7 in vitro. The PGE2 was identified by using the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by the Real-time PCR and Western blotting methods respectively. The experimental results suggested that cinnamaldehyde could evidently reverse the increased production of PGE2induced by IL-1beta. Moreover, the up-regulated expression levels of mPGES-1 and COX-2 were significatly decreased. Together, these results provide compelling evidence that the down-regulated actions to both the production of PGE2 as well as the expression of mPGES-I might account for, at least in part, the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects of cinnamaldehyde.

Effects of ingredients from Chinese herbs with nature of cold or hot on expression of TRPV1 and TRPM8 / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of the ingredients from Chinese herbs with the nature of cold or hot on the expression of TRPV1 and TRPM8.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effects of ingredients from herbs on primary culture DRG neurons are observed in vitro. The expression quantity of gene is detected by the method of real time PCR. the 2 (-deltadeltaCT) method is applied to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ingredients from herbs with the nature of cold up-regulate the expression level of TRPV1 and down-regulate that of TRPM8, especially under the temperature condition of 39 degrees C; while ingredients from herbs with the nature of hot up-regulate the expression level of TRPM8 and down-regulated that of TRPV1, which is more significant under the temperature condition of 19 degrees C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The regulatory changes of TRPV1 and TRPM8 mRNA expression induced by the chemical ingredients might be related to the cold and hot natures of the herbs from which the ingredients are extracted. And this could be one of the therapeutic mechanisms for the treatment of Chinese herbal medicines to cold- and heat-related diseases.</p>